Recommend
Official site Urosaf

Prostatitis

Prostatitis in men

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland tissue in men, which is characterized by lower abdominal pain and urinary tract disorders. The disease continues in acute and chronic form, developing under the influence of infectious and endless causes. Prostatitis is included in the five most common problems that men turn to urologists.

The prostate gland is an organ of the male reproductive system that produces the secret of the fluid that is part of the sperm and increases the mobility of the sperm. The prostate has a chestnut form, 2x3x3 dimension. 5 cm, located in the middle of the pelvic cavity. The bladder neck and the early department of the urethra pass through the gland center.

Acute prostatitis is relatively rare (5-10 % of cases), but the result is difficult and is a serious danger to men's health. Most young men are ill in the form of acute inflammation. Chronic prostatitis develops in men most often 60-70 years old. The disease continues with a significant symptom, but over time leads to the formation of erectile dysfunction and urinary tract.

Causes and risk factors of prostatitis in men

All the causes of prostatitis in men can be divided into two large groups - contagious and not accustomed.

Acute inflammation of the prostate glandOften it has an infectious origin, the form of the disease is very common in men under the age of 40. In most cases, it is caused by bacterial flora:

  • Enterococci;
  • E. coli;
  • Klebsiella and proteas;
  • Gonococcus;
  • pale treponema;
  • Chlamydia;
  • Mycobacteria tuberculosis.

However, the genitouriner or intestinal infection itself leads to inflammation of the prostate gland in 100 % of cases. For the development of bacterial prostatitis, predisposition factors are required, the main is the systematic microtrauma of the gland. This occurs with prostate biopsy, cystoscopies or operations in the pelvis. Other infectious risk factors include:

  • Immunodeficiency (HIV infection, congenital pathology of the immune system);
  • Random sex life;
  • homosexual contacts;
  • chronic or constipation diarrhea;
  • obesity;
  • An inactive lifestyle.

Pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the prostate gland from the urethra or rectum. Weaknesses of immune protection and microtrauma prostate contribute to the development of acute inflammation. Against this background, the smooth muscle tone of the prostate increases, leading to urethra compression and urinary tract.

Chronic prostatitisIt has unprofitable origin and more complex development mechanisms. Inflammation is formed gradually, and the true cause of the incident has not been established. The risk factor of non -chronic prostatitis:

  • increased pressure in the prostate gland (with benign hyperplasia or adenoma);
  • increased pressure in the pelvic cavity;
  • chronic pelvic pain;
  • autoimmune disease;
  • rare sexual relations;
  • heavy physical activity;
  • Chronic stress.

Chronic prostatitis pathogenesis is based on the secret of the gland, the deterioration of its blood supply, leading to persistent inflammation.

In about 6 % of cases, chronic bacterial prostatitis develops in men. The reason is that inadequate or incomplete treatment for the form of acute disease.

Type of prostatitis

Depending on the cause and mechanism of development, four clinicala form of prostatitis:

  • acute bacteria;
  • chronic bacteria;
  • chronic non -bacterial (chronic pelvic pain syndrome);
  • Inflammation without symptoms.

The National Institute of Health American distinguishes 4 types of prostatitis dependentFrom the development and clinic stage:

  • I type - acute bacterial inflammation with general and local manifestations;
  • II Types - Chronic bacterial inflammation with period of remission and severity;
  • Type IIIA - non -chronic chronic (pathogenic microorganisms not detected) Inflammation certified by the presence of leukocytes in prostate secret or ejaculation;
  • Type IIIV - non -prostatitis, where there is no pathogenic microorganisms and leukocytes in gland secret;
  • Type IV - symptom -free inflammation, which can only be histologically confirmed.

RelyFrom the nature of the pathological processIn the prostate gland, they distinguish:

  • Catarrhal prostatitis - acute inflammation;
  • Prostatitis that is stagnant, or congestative - chronic inflammation associated with glandular obstruction and prostatic secret accumulation in it;
  • Calculation of prostatitis - a complication of a form of chronic disease, accompanied by the formation of stones in the glands;
  • Granumate prostatitis is a very rare form, which is accompanied by thickening of the mucous membranes of the gland.

Symptoms of prostatitis in men

The clinical picture of prostatitis in men is made up of signs of inflammation of the prostate gland, the compression of the bladder and urethra, as well as the general manifestation of the disease. The severity and combination of symptoms vary depending on the form and stage of the development of prostatitis.

Normal manifestationsDisease, regardless of form, served:

  • pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, coccyx and sacrum;
  • infringement of urine in the form of rapid impulse, discomfort and burning, instant flow;
  • Potential violations and ejaculation.

The form of acute prostatitis begins suddenly, continues with clear symptoms, often accompanied by various complications. Chronic inflammation develops gradually, it is characterized by a period of enlargement and remission. With bacterial prostatitis, the first symptom is a sign of general intoxication (fever, nausea), and with a form of non -burning disease, local prostate inflammation is a major importance.

The sign of acute prostatitis

With inflammation of the prostate acute bacteria, the following symptoms appear in men:

  • general malaise;
  • fever more than 38 ° C;
  • nausea and vomiting;
  • severe pain in the lower abdomen with radiation in the rectum;
  • frequent, but at the same time the urine is difficult;
  • itching and burning in the urethra;
  • Overcoming urine, blood or pus appears.

In the future, complete recovery occurs in the background of treatment, or chronic forms of bacterial prostatitis with a variety of consequences.

Symptoms of chronic prostatitis

When forming chronic bacterial prostatitis after acute inflammation, a man is worried about periodic pain in the lower abdomen, urinary tract difficulties, sometimes burning in the urethra. Pain can also spread to the lower back and coccyx, to the rectum, penis and scrotum. Symptoms usually occur during the period of suppression of prostatitis, and during forgiveness, the well -being of a man remains normal.

Endless prostatitis in men is also called chronic pelvic pain, which includes pain and signs of urinary tract and sexual disorders. It is difficult for a man to urinate, as the flow of urine is damp and alternately, there is a burning sensation and a sense of pressure in the urethra. With prolonged disease, potential violations occur, ejaculation is lower and painful. In the end, the quality of human life suffered significantly, psychological problems developed.

Pain with prostatitis

Pain syndrome with prostatitis is a persistent and most prominent symptom, found in all forms of the disease. The mechanism of pain in prostatitis is caused by inflammation and gland edema, compression of the receptor in the bladder and the early part of the urethra.

The form of acute disease is accompanied by the worst pain, due to infectious inflammation, leading to large edema of the gland. The pain is localized in the prostate itself, but the man feels not only in the lower abdomen, but also at the bottom, core, rectum and scrotum.

With chronic inflammation of the prostate, painful pain, but they are longer, may not disappear even during the remission period. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is accompanied by unpleasant sensations especially in the prostate gland itself, as well as in the tailbone, around the anus, at the base of the penis and scrotum. Discomfort disrupts men every day for at least three months.

Of a dangerous prostate inflammation

Complications develop well with acute and chronic forms of prostatitis:

  • vesiculite (inflammation of the seed bubble);
  • colliculite (seed tubercles);
  • Prostate abscesses (abscesses in capsules);
  • Prostate fibrosis (scarring in gland tissue);
  • cyst in the prostate;
  • prostate stone;
  • infertility due to deterioration of sperm quality;
  • Erectile dysfunction caused by both chronic pelvic pain and psychological disorders;
  • depression.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the prostate gland

When the first signs of prostatitis appear, you should contact the urologist. First of all, the doctor talks to the patient to determine the nature of the complaint and to collect anamnesis. For this, the doctor asks the following questions:

  • How long the symptoms of the disease have appeared;
  • where the pain is localized, the character and the condition of the incident;
  • Is there a problem with urine and ejaculation;
  • Is there a chronic disease, including genitourinary infections.

To diagnose prostatitis, the doctor uses the following methods:

  • rectal examination of prostate glands;
  • general clinical blood tests;
  • Bacteriological examination of ejaculation or prostatic secretion;
  • ultrasound examination of pelvic organs;
  • Urofloometry;
  • radiographs or tomography that are considered prostate;
  • In rare cases, prostate gland biopsy may be needed, followed by histological examination.

Methods of treatment of prostatitis in men

For the treatment of prostatitis in men, especially conservative methods used, tactics depend on the cause and stage of disease progression. With symptom -free inflammation (type IV), active treatment is not required. In other forms of the disease, complex treatment is indicated, acute forms of prostatitis require hospitalization in hospitals, chronic inflammation can be treated by outpatients.

First and foremost, doctors suggests about lifestyle correction:

  • subtraction of smoking and drinking alcohol;
  • Normal sex life;
  • stress exemption;
  • adequate physical activity;
  • balanced diet;
  • Exceptions to hypothermia and too hot.

The prerequisite for successful treatment of prostatitis is The elimination of related illnesses, especially urogenital infections.

Drug therapy  With prostatitis, it aims to suppress the inflammation process, improve urination and relieve pain. The following drug groups are used:

  • Antibiotics. Indicated by acute bacterial inflammation, doctors prescribe medications taking into account the results of the prostate secret microbiological examination. The drug can be taken orally in the form of a tablet, or in the form of intramuscular injection. The course of treatment is usually 4-6 weeks in the form of acute disease. In chronic bacterial prostatitis, the duration of therapy is determined individually.
  • Alpha-blockers. These medicines are designed to improve urination, as they loosen the muscles of the gland and eliminate the prostate compression of the urethra. In the form of chronic diseases, they must be taken for a long time, and sometimes to survive.
  • Musorelaxants and anti -non -ssteroids. They are shown to eliminate the pain syndrome caused by gland inflammation and muscle cramps.
  • In chronic inflammation, medicines to improve micro -circulation, immunomodulators, antidepressants, drugs to stimulate erection are indicated.

Acute inflammation of the prostate gland which is acceptable to drug treatment, in most cases, complete recovery occurs within 1. 5-2 months. In the form of chronic diseases, therapy has been conducted for a long time, for several years or for survival.

An important way to treat congestive prostatitis is the prostate gland massage through the rectum. This procedure is performed by urologists, by outpatients. Massage helps eliminate muscle cramps, stimulates the release of prostatic secret.

Physiotherapy procedure  Shown in a course of chronic prostatitis:

  • laser therapy;
  • electrophoresis and ultrafonophoresis;
  • microwave therapy;
  • Electrical stimulation;
  • acupuncture.

Surgical intervention  It is only indicated by the development of complications - rock abscess or prostate.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis for recovery in acute bacterial prostatitis is better subject to timely and complex treatment. The transition to a chronic form is observed in 6-10 % of cases. Non -chronic prostatitis, as a rule, cannot be completely cured. Complex therapy allows you to slow down the development of the disease, maintain the quality of human life and reduce the risk of complications.

Prevention of the development of prostatitis in men including the following suggestions:

  • Healthy lifestyle;
  • Work regime rules and rest;
  • balanced diet and beverage mode;
  • adequate physical activity;
  • Normal sex life (ejaculation);
  • prevention of genitourinary infection;
  • Invasive manipulation restrictions (cystoscopy, catheterization urethra, prostate biopsy);
  • Prevention of genital injury.